This page looks at what is involved in getting connected to the Internet
in New Zealand. Several sections below deal with the type of link - either
dial up or permanent, what special equipment may be needed, and what
computers and software will be needed.
It is biased more towards a description of permanent connections and the
equipment associated with such links the types of connection that KCCS
provide.
The home user type connection using a PC and modem to dial up an Internet
Service provider is not discussed. Support for this type of connection is
available from the many ISPs that concentrate on providing this type
of service (See the Links to other ISPs connecting to KCCS)
The most popular is analogue services as most people in NZ will have
no per-minute call charges when connecting to an ISP in their local calling
zone.
ISDN is a relatively new service and
as yet has not become very popular for home users or small businesses mainly
because of its pricing based on business telephone charges.
However, with the availability of lower cost ISDN modems and routers over the
last few months AND persistent rumours that Telecom will be announcing
lower cost and perhaps special 'home ISDN' services, there is a growing
interest from many Internet users in ISDN.
The next highest speed/lowest cost link is the WaveLan based and other short range Radio Link systems. These are excellent where there is line-of-sight between the ISP and customer and are especially useful in areas where a link has to be made between adjacent buildings but direct wiring is not feasible. In suburban areas the range of these radio modems can exceed 8 Km and further with suitable antennae. Throughput can vary between 64Kbit/sec up to in excess of 1Mbit/sec. Link installation cost can be relatively high but ongoing costs are next to zero.
If neither an ethernet connection or a radio link is possible then life
can start to get expensive as Telecom New Zealand become involved.
The saddest aspect of using Telecom services is that you never purchase a
service. you just keep paying a monthly rental and in some cases you pay
a per-minute connect time charge often in additional to a monthly rental.
The tradeoff between link speed and cost will become a major factor in
deciding how to get connected. Costs are very variable depending on
location and where the ISP is located.
DDS link speeds are generally available from 2.4Kbits up to 2Mbits although
for Internet use only speeds of 9600 and above are useful.
Long distance connections, for example between two cities, really only have two options. Either a DDS circuit, ie one of the DDS variants, OR a frame relay service. The standard Digital Data Service (DDS) can provide a reliable dedicated link with speeds up to 128Kbits, with 48Kbit, 64Kbit and 128Kbit being the available standard speeds.
Beyond this the Wideband Digital Data Service (WDDS) can provide dedicated link speeds up to 2Megabits per second starting at 64Kbits and increasing in 64Kbit steps to whatever bandwidth is requirecd up to the maximum 2Mbits per second.
An alternative to DDS is Frame Relay, where each end of the link plugs into a switched network. The customer can then purchase a bandwidth amount for the link to the network at as many locations where link access will be required. The maximum throughput between any two delivery points can be separately defined (the committed information rate - CIR). Frame relay can be very cost competitive when compared to the dedicated types of DDS circuit. However, experience in NZ has shown that the overall throughput of a frame relay link does not come up to the performance of a DDS circuit even though an CIR has been purchased. There would appear to be times when the FR Network is either overloaded generally or at specific points.
Frame Relay Resources
A variation on standard dial up is
Centrex ISDN.
This service is available in the central business district (CBD), as defined
by Telecom, of Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. This really is a low
cost option if connecting to an ISP in the same CBD since there will be no
per-minute charges for using ISDN if part of the ISP's Basic Business Group.
(BBG).
Probably the biggest problem with Centrex ISDN is actually finding an ISP
to connect to who provides this service. From the ISPs view it would
only be feasible to get involved with Centrex ISDN if the service was
hosted on one or more Primary Rate ISDN connections, giving scalability
in blocks of thirty 64K channels for each PRI.
A second issue for ISPs is that Telecom NZ appear to have problems in
providing PRI circuits and in provisioning them reliably. It appears that
the NEC neax61e PRI switching equipment is a major source of headaches
for Telecom and interfacing to certain manufacturer's PRI routers and
modem servers has been less than enjoyable for all parties involved.
Down at the bottom end of the permanent link options to the Internet are the
Analogue leased lines.
These are essentially ordinary telephone circuits
that are permanently kept open between two sites. The customer has to
provide suitable modems for the leased line, modems that support a two
wire leased analogue line. Most reasonable quality modems will do this.
Special equipment - routers
A full time permanent connection to an Internet Service Provider will
usually mean that the connecting site will be allocated its own range
of IP numbers for use on computers connected to the LAN.
Often a complete Class C network will be allocated.
To connect this network to an ISP a router is needed - to route between the
networks. A router has a minimum of two interface, often one is a LAN type,
ethernet or Token ring, the other a WAN type, a serial port or ISDN port.
Since most DDS services provided by Telcos use a synchronous serial
connection it is usual for a router to have a sync serial port for
direct connection to the DDS.
See the Router pages for details.